Time Clock 1
2021年2月23日Download here: http://gg.gg/oeywb
A simple ESL video about telling the time in English. We have a clock which shows a time and we ask the question ’What is the time?’ It is without the answer. Currently 24timezones provides such services as website clock widgets, time converter, event countdown and many others for millions of people around the world and in twelve languages. Our mission is to help people manage their time efficiently by providing trustworthy information for all locations in the world only from reliable sources. Time.is displays exact, official atomic clock time for any time zone (more than 7 million locations) in 52 languages. Automated access is prohibited. Support for cookies and JavaScript is required. I love Time Clock Wizard! Their service department has impressed me the few times whenever I’ve needed to contact them - they even incorporated a change in the interface that I had submitted and has also sent a thank you note. Time Clock Wizard is an integral part of my service business. I am really very happy using these services!! UPunch Starter Time Clock Bundle with 100-Cards, 1 Time Card Rack, 1 Ribbon & 2 Keys (HN1500) 4.3 out of 5 stars 1,084. Get it as soon as Thu, Dec 10.
*Time Clock 101
*Time Clock 1984
*Time Clock 1843
*Time Clock 100 Conversion
*Time Clock 10 Minutes
*Time Clock 104Electronic time clock
A time clock, sometimes known as a clock card machine or punch clock or time recorder, is a device that records start and end times for hourly employees (or those on flexi-time) at a place of business.
In mechanical time clocks, this was accomplished by inserting a heavy paper card, called a time card, into a slot on the time clock. When the time card hit a contact at the rear of the slot, the machine would print day and time information (a timestamp) on the card. One or more time cards could serve as a timesheet or provide the data to fill one. This allowed a timekeeper to have an official record of the hours an employee worked to calculate the pay owed an employee.
The terms Bundy clock, bundy clock, or just bundy[1] have been used in Australian English for time clocks. The term comes from brothers Willard and Harlow Bundy.History[edit]Origins[edit]Early time clock, made by National Time Recorder Co. Ltd. of Blackfriars, London at Wookey Hole Caves museumBundy clock
An early and influential time clock, sometimes described as the first, was invented on November 20, 1888, by Willard Le Grand Bundy,[2] a jeweler in Auburn, New York. His patent of 1890[3] speaks of mechanical time recorders for workers in terms that suggest that earlier recorders already existed, but Bundy’s had various improvements; for example, each worker had his own key. A year later his brother, Harlow Bundy, organized the Bundy Manufacturing Company,[4][5] and began mass-producing time clocks.
In 1900, the time recording business of Bundy Manufacturing, along with two other time equipment businesses, was consolidated into the International Time Recording Company (ITR).[6][7][8][9]
In 1911, ITR, Bundy Mfg., and two other companies were amalgamated (via stock acquisition), forming a fifth company, Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), which would later change its name to IBM.[10]
The Bundy clock (see image left) was used by Birmingham City Transport to ensure that bus drivers did not depart from outlying termini before the due time; now preserved at Walsall Arboretum.
In 1909, Halbert P. Gillette explained about the state of the art around time clocks in those days:IBM time clock
Time clocks.—Such an appliance which may not, in general, be used in the field, but which is of immense value in the office and particularly in a shop, is the time clock. Various forms of time clocks are in common use, two types of which are illustrated. [The first] is a time card recorder, which is a clock so made that it will automatically stamp on a card inserted in a slot in the clock by the workman the time of his arrival and of his departure. The cards are made to hold a record covering the pay period and need no attention from a timekeeper or clerk until the termination of this period. The record of the men’s time can then be compiled very readily by one who need not be a skilled mathematician or time clerk.
The time clock system has been developed very highly in shops for keeping track of time used in completing any job by workmen, but as this in a way is not in the realm of field cost keeping, it will not be entered into here.
Another form of time clock [..] has the numbers of the employees fixed on the outer edge of a disk or ring and a record is made by the employee who shifts a revolving arm and punches his number upon entering the office and leaving. The working up of employees’ time then becomes simply a matter of computation from printed figures. These two types are made by the International Time Recording Co. of New York.[11]
An example of this other form of time clock, made by IBM, is pictured. The face shows employee numbers which would be dialed up by employees entering and leaving the factory. The day and time of entry and exit was punched onto cards inside the box.[12]Mid 20th century[edit]
In 1958, IBM’s Time Equipment Division was sold to the Simplex Time Recorder Company. However, in the United Kingdom ITR (a subsidiary of IBM United Kingdom Ltd.) was the subject of a management buy-out in 1963 and reverted to International Time Recorders. In 1982, International Time Recorders was acquired by Blick Industries of Swindon, England, who were themselves later absorbed by Stanley Security Systems.
The first punched-card system to be linked to a Z80 microprocessor was developed by Kronos Incorporated in the late 1970s and introduced as a product in 1979.[13]Late 20th century[edit]
In the late 20th century, time clocks started to move away from the mechanical machines to computer-based, electronic time and attendance systems. The employee registers with the system by swiping a magnetic stripe card, scanning a barcode, bringing an RFID (radio-frequency identification) tag close to a reader, entering a number or using a biometric reader. These systems are much more advanced than the mechanical time clock: various reports can be generated, including on compliance with the European Working Time Directive, and a Bradford factor report. Employees can also use the system to request holidays, enter absence requests and view their worked hours. User interfaces can be personalized and offer robust self-service capabilities.
Electronic time clock machines are manufactured in many designs by companies in China and sold under various brand names in places around the world, with accompanying software to extract the data from a single time clock machine, or several machines, and process the data into reports. In most cases local suppliers offer technical support and in some cases installation services.
More recently, time clocks have started to adopt technology commonly seen in phones and tablets – called ’Smartclocks’. The ’state of the art’ smartclocks come with multi-touch screens, full color displays, real time monitoring for problems, wireless networking and over the air updates. Some of the smartclocks use front-facing cameras to capture employee clock-ins to deter ’buddy clocking’ or ’buddy punching’, whereby one employee fraudulently records the time of another. This problem usually requires expensive biometric devices. With the increasing popularity of cloud-based software, some of the newer time clocks are built to work seamlessly with the cloud.[14]Types[edit]Basic time clock[edit]
A basic time clock will just stamp the date and time on a time card, similar to a parking validation machine. These will usually be activated by a button that a worker must press to stamp their card, or stamp upon full insertion. Some machines use punch hole cards instead of stamping, which can facilitate automated processing on machinery not capable of optical character recognition.
There are also variations based on manufacture and machine used, and whether the user wants to record weekly or monthly recordings. The time cards usually have the workdays, ’time in’, and ’time out’ areas marked on them so that employees can ’punch in’ or ’punch out’ in the correct place. The employee may be responsible for lining up the correct area of the card to be punched or stamped. Some time clocks feature a bell or signal relay to alert employees as to a certain time or break.[citation needed]
Fraudulent operation of time clocks can include overstamping, where one time is stamped over another, and buddy-punching, where one employee records time for another. In extreme cases, employees can use buddy-punching to skip entire days of work or accumulate additional overtime.Self-calculating machines[edit]Contactless magnetic time clock card
Self-calculating machines are similar to basic time clocks. Nevertheless, at the end of each period the total time recorded is added up allowing for quicker processing by human resources or payroll. These machines sometimes have other functions such as automatic stamping, dual-colour printing, and automated column shift.[citation needed]
Software based time and attendance systems are similar to paper-based systems, but they rely on computers and check-in terminals. They are backed up with software that can be integrated with the human resources department and in some cases payroll software. These types of systems are becoming more popular but due to high initial costs they are usually only adopted by large business of over 30 employees. Despite this they can save a business a lot of money every year by cutting down errors and reducing administration time.[15][citation needed]Mobile time tracking[edit]
With the mass market proliferation of mobile devices (smart phones, handheld devices), new types of self-calculating time tracking systems have been invented which allow a mobile workforce – such as painting companies or construction companies - to track employees ’on’ and ’off’ hours. This is generally accomplished through either a mobile application, or an IVR based phone call in system. Using a mobile device allows enterprises to better validate that their employees or suppliers are physically ’clocking in’ at a specific location using the GPS functionality of a mobile phone for extra validation.Biometrics[edit]
Biometric time clocks are a feature of more advanced time and attendance systems. Rather than using a key, code or chip to identify the user, they rely on a unique attribute of the user, such as a hand print, finger print, finger vein, palm vein, facial recognition, iris or retina. The user will have their attribute scanned into the system. Biometric readers are often used in conjunction with an access control system, granting the user access to a building, and at the same time clocking them in recording the time and date. These systems also attempt to cut down on fraud such as ’buddy clocking.’ When combined with an access control system they can help prevent other types of fraud such as ’ghost employees’, where additional identities are added to payroll but don’t exist.See also[edit]References[edit]
*^Bundy. (n.d.). Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition. Retrieved April 10, 2014, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bundy
*^Willard Legrand Bundy Biography
*^U.S. Patent 452,894
*^IBM Archives: Bundy Manufacturing Co.
*^Bundy Museum of History & Art
*^Engelbourg (1954) p.33
*^Belden, Martin; Belden, Marva (1961). The Life of Thomas J. Watson, Little, Brown; p. 92
*^IBM Archives: International Time Recording
*^IBM Archives: ITR time recorder
*^Bennett, Frank P.; Company (June 17, 1911). United States Investor. 22, Part 2. p. 1298 (26).
*^Gillette, Halbert Powers, and Richard T. Dana. Construction Cost Keeping and Management. Gillette Publishing Company, 1909, p. 110-112.
*^Engelbourg, Saul (1954). International Business Machines: A Business History (Ph.D.). Columbia University. p. 385. Reprinted by Arno Press, 1976, from the best available copy. Some text is illegible.
*^Kronos History
*^David Needle, TabTimes, Android tablet gives old punch card time clock facelift
*^’Time Is Money’(PDF). https://www.accelo.com/assets/Uploads/WhitePaperTimeIsMoney.pdf. July 2014.External link in |website= (help)External links[edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Time recorders.
*IBM Time Clocks (PDF files)
*www.timerecorder.de/ (mostly in German, but partly translated into English) is one of the most comprehensive online documentations of the history of time recorders and time clocksRetrieved from ’https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Time_clock&oldid=991721279’
This module provides various time-related functions. For relatedfunctionality, see also the datetime and calendar modules.
Although this module is always available,not all functions are available on all platforms. Adobe acrobat 6.0 standard download. Most of the functionsdefined in this module call platform C library functions with the same name. Itmay sometimes be helpful to consult the platform documentation, because thesemantics of these functions varies among platforms.
An explanation of some terminology and conventions is in order.
*
The epoch is the point where the time starts, and is platformdependent. For Unix, the epoch is January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 (UTC).To find out what the epoch is on a given platform, look attime.gmtime(0).
*
The term seconds since the epoch refers to the total numberof elapsed seconds since the epoch, typically excludingleap seconds. Leap seconds are excluded from this total on allPOSIX-compliant platforms.
*
The functions in this module may not handle dates and times before the epoch orfar in the future. The cut-off point in the future is determined by the Clibrary; for 32-bit systems, it is typically in 2038.
*
Function strptime() can parse 2-digit years when given %y formatcode. When 2-digit years are parsed, they are converted according to the POSIXand ISO C standards: values 69–99 are mapped to 1969–1999, and values 0–68are mapped to 2000–2068.
*
UTC is Coordinated Universal Time (formerly known as Greenwich Mean Time, orGMT). The acronym UTC is not a mistake but a compromise between English andFrench.
*
DST is Daylight Saving Time, an adjustment of the timezone by (usually) onehour during part of the year. DST rules are magic (determined by local law) andcan change from year to year. The C library has a table containing the localrules (often it is read from a system file for flexibility) and is the onlysource of True Wisdom in this respect.
*
The precision of the various real-time functions may be less than suggested bythe units in which their value or argument is expressed. E.g. on most Unixsystems, the clock “ticks” only 50 or 100 times a second.
*
On the other hand, the precision of time() and sleep() is betterthan their Unix equivalents: times are expressed as floating point numbers,time() returns the most accurate time available (using Unixgettimeofday() where available), and sleep() will accept a timewith a nonzero fraction (Unix select() is used to implement this, whereavailable).
*
The time value as returned by gmtime(), localtime(), andstrptime(), and accepted by asctime(), mktime() andstrftime(), is a sequence of 9 integers. The return values ofgmtime(), localtime(), and strptime() also offer attributenames for individual fields.
See struct_time for a description of these objects.
Changed in version 3.3: The struct_time type was extended to provide the tm_gmtoffand tm_zone attributes when platform supports correspondingstructtm members.
Changed in version 3.6: The struct_time attributes tm_gmtoff and tm_zoneare now available on all platforms.
*
Use the following functions to convert between time representations:
From
To
Use
seconds since the epoch
struct_time inUTC
seconds since the epoch
struct_time inlocal time
struct_time inUTC
seconds since the epoch
struct_time inlocal time
seconds since the epochFunctions¶time.asctime([t])¶
Convert a tuple or struct_time representing a time as returned bygmtime() or localtime() to a string of the followingform: ’SunJun2023:21:051993’. The day field is two characters longand is space padded if the day is a single digit,e.g.: ’WedJun904:26:401993’.
If t is not provided, the current time as returned by localtime()is used. Locale information is not used by asctime().
Note
Unlike the C function of the same name, asctime() does not add atrailing newline.time.pthread_getcpuclockid(thread_id)¶
Return the clk_id of the thread-specific CPU-time clock for the specified thread_id.
Use threading.get_ident() or the identattribute of threading.Thread objects to get a suitable valuefor thread_id.
Warning
Passing an invalid or expired thread_id may result inundefined behavior, such as segmentation fault.
Availability: Unix (see the man page for pthread_getcpuclockid(3) forfurther information).time.clock_getres(clk_id)¶
Return the resolution (precision) of the specified clock clk_id. Refer toClock ID Constants for a list of accepted values for clk_id.
Availability: Unix.
New in version 3.3.time.clock_gettime(clk_id) → float¶
Return the time of the specified clock clk_id. Refer toClock ID Constants for a list of accepted values for clk_id.
Availability: Unix.time.clock_gettime_ns(clk_id) → int¶
Similar to clock_gettime() but return time as nanoseconds.
Availability: Unix.
New in version 3.7.time.clock_settime(clk_id, time: float)¶
Set the time of the specified clock clk_id. Currently,CLOCK_REALTIME is the only accepted value for clk_id.
Availability: Unix.time.clock_settime_ns(clk_id, time: int)¶
Similar to clock_settime() but set time with nanoseconds.
Availability: Unix.
New in version 3.7.time.ctime([secs])¶
Convert a time expressed in seconds since the epoch to a string of a form:’SunJun2023:21:051993’ representing local time. The day fieldis two characters long and is space padded if the day is a single digit,e.g.: ’WedJun904:26:401993’.
If secs is not provided or None, the current time asreturned by time() is used. ctime(secs) is equivalent toasctime(localtime(secs)). Locale information is not used byctime().time.get_clock_info(name)¶
Get information on the specified clock as a namespace object.Supported clock names and the corresponding functions to read their valueare:
*
’monotonic’: time.monotonic()
*
’perf_counter’: time.perf_counter()
*
’process_time’: time.process_time()
*
’thread_time’: time.thread_time()
*
’time’: time.time()
The result has the following attributes:
*
adjustable: True if the clock can be changed automatically (e.g. bya NTP daemon) or manually by the system administrator, False otherwise
*
implementation: The name of the underlying C function used to getthe clock value. Refer to Clock ID Constants for possible values.
*
monotonic: True if the clock cannot go backward,False otherwise
*
resolut
https://diarynote.indered.space
A simple ESL video about telling the time in English. We have a clock which shows a time and we ask the question ’What is the time?’ It is without the answer. Currently 24timezones provides such services as website clock widgets, time converter, event countdown and many others for millions of people around the world and in twelve languages. Our mission is to help people manage their time efficiently by providing trustworthy information for all locations in the world only from reliable sources. Time.is displays exact, official atomic clock time for any time zone (more than 7 million locations) in 52 languages. Automated access is prohibited. Support for cookies and JavaScript is required. I love Time Clock Wizard! Their service department has impressed me the few times whenever I’ve needed to contact them - they even incorporated a change in the interface that I had submitted and has also sent a thank you note. Time Clock Wizard is an integral part of my service business. I am really very happy using these services!! UPunch Starter Time Clock Bundle with 100-Cards, 1 Time Card Rack, 1 Ribbon & 2 Keys (HN1500) 4.3 out of 5 stars 1,084. Get it as soon as Thu, Dec 10.
*Time Clock 101
*Time Clock 1984
*Time Clock 1843
*Time Clock 100 Conversion
*Time Clock 10 Minutes
*Time Clock 104Electronic time clock
A time clock, sometimes known as a clock card machine or punch clock or time recorder, is a device that records start and end times for hourly employees (or those on flexi-time) at a place of business.
In mechanical time clocks, this was accomplished by inserting a heavy paper card, called a time card, into a slot on the time clock. When the time card hit a contact at the rear of the slot, the machine would print day and time information (a timestamp) on the card. One or more time cards could serve as a timesheet or provide the data to fill one. This allowed a timekeeper to have an official record of the hours an employee worked to calculate the pay owed an employee.
The terms Bundy clock, bundy clock, or just bundy[1] have been used in Australian English for time clocks. The term comes from brothers Willard and Harlow Bundy.History[edit]Origins[edit]Early time clock, made by National Time Recorder Co. Ltd. of Blackfriars, London at Wookey Hole Caves museumBundy clock
An early and influential time clock, sometimes described as the first, was invented on November 20, 1888, by Willard Le Grand Bundy,[2] a jeweler in Auburn, New York. His patent of 1890[3] speaks of mechanical time recorders for workers in terms that suggest that earlier recorders already existed, but Bundy’s had various improvements; for example, each worker had his own key. A year later his brother, Harlow Bundy, organized the Bundy Manufacturing Company,[4][5] and began mass-producing time clocks.
In 1900, the time recording business of Bundy Manufacturing, along with two other time equipment businesses, was consolidated into the International Time Recording Company (ITR).[6][7][8][9]
In 1911, ITR, Bundy Mfg., and two other companies were amalgamated (via stock acquisition), forming a fifth company, Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), which would later change its name to IBM.[10]
The Bundy clock (see image left) was used by Birmingham City Transport to ensure that bus drivers did not depart from outlying termini before the due time; now preserved at Walsall Arboretum.
In 1909, Halbert P. Gillette explained about the state of the art around time clocks in those days:IBM time clock
Time clocks.—Such an appliance which may not, in general, be used in the field, but which is of immense value in the office and particularly in a shop, is the time clock. Various forms of time clocks are in common use, two types of which are illustrated. [The first] is a time card recorder, which is a clock so made that it will automatically stamp on a card inserted in a slot in the clock by the workman the time of his arrival and of his departure. The cards are made to hold a record covering the pay period and need no attention from a timekeeper or clerk until the termination of this period. The record of the men’s time can then be compiled very readily by one who need not be a skilled mathematician or time clerk.
The time clock system has been developed very highly in shops for keeping track of time used in completing any job by workmen, but as this in a way is not in the realm of field cost keeping, it will not be entered into here.
Another form of time clock [..] has the numbers of the employees fixed on the outer edge of a disk or ring and a record is made by the employee who shifts a revolving arm and punches his number upon entering the office and leaving. The working up of employees’ time then becomes simply a matter of computation from printed figures. These two types are made by the International Time Recording Co. of New York.[11]
An example of this other form of time clock, made by IBM, is pictured. The face shows employee numbers which would be dialed up by employees entering and leaving the factory. The day and time of entry and exit was punched onto cards inside the box.[12]Mid 20th century[edit]
In 1958, IBM’s Time Equipment Division was sold to the Simplex Time Recorder Company. However, in the United Kingdom ITR (a subsidiary of IBM United Kingdom Ltd.) was the subject of a management buy-out in 1963 and reverted to International Time Recorders. In 1982, International Time Recorders was acquired by Blick Industries of Swindon, England, who were themselves later absorbed by Stanley Security Systems.
The first punched-card system to be linked to a Z80 microprocessor was developed by Kronos Incorporated in the late 1970s and introduced as a product in 1979.[13]Late 20th century[edit]
In the late 20th century, time clocks started to move away from the mechanical machines to computer-based, electronic time and attendance systems. The employee registers with the system by swiping a magnetic stripe card, scanning a barcode, bringing an RFID (radio-frequency identification) tag close to a reader, entering a number or using a biometric reader. These systems are much more advanced than the mechanical time clock: various reports can be generated, including on compliance with the European Working Time Directive, and a Bradford factor report. Employees can also use the system to request holidays, enter absence requests and view their worked hours. User interfaces can be personalized and offer robust self-service capabilities.
Electronic time clock machines are manufactured in many designs by companies in China and sold under various brand names in places around the world, with accompanying software to extract the data from a single time clock machine, or several machines, and process the data into reports. In most cases local suppliers offer technical support and in some cases installation services.
More recently, time clocks have started to adopt technology commonly seen in phones and tablets – called ’Smartclocks’. The ’state of the art’ smartclocks come with multi-touch screens, full color displays, real time monitoring for problems, wireless networking and over the air updates. Some of the smartclocks use front-facing cameras to capture employee clock-ins to deter ’buddy clocking’ or ’buddy punching’, whereby one employee fraudulently records the time of another. This problem usually requires expensive biometric devices. With the increasing popularity of cloud-based software, some of the newer time clocks are built to work seamlessly with the cloud.[14]Types[edit]Basic time clock[edit]
A basic time clock will just stamp the date and time on a time card, similar to a parking validation machine. These will usually be activated by a button that a worker must press to stamp their card, or stamp upon full insertion. Some machines use punch hole cards instead of stamping, which can facilitate automated processing on machinery not capable of optical character recognition.
There are also variations based on manufacture and machine used, and whether the user wants to record weekly or monthly recordings. The time cards usually have the workdays, ’time in’, and ’time out’ areas marked on them so that employees can ’punch in’ or ’punch out’ in the correct place. The employee may be responsible for lining up the correct area of the card to be punched or stamped. Some time clocks feature a bell or signal relay to alert employees as to a certain time or break.[citation needed]
Fraudulent operation of time clocks can include overstamping, where one time is stamped over another, and buddy-punching, where one employee records time for another. In extreme cases, employees can use buddy-punching to skip entire days of work or accumulate additional overtime.Self-calculating machines[edit]Contactless magnetic time clock card
Self-calculating machines are similar to basic time clocks. Nevertheless, at the end of each period the total time recorded is added up allowing for quicker processing by human resources or payroll. These machines sometimes have other functions such as automatic stamping, dual-colour printing, and automated column shift.[citation needed]
Software based time and attendance systems are similar to paper-based systems, but they rely on computers and check-in terminals. They are backed up with software that can be integrated with the human resources department and in some cases payroll software. These types of systems are becoming more popular but due to high initial costs they are usually only adopted by large business of over 30 employees. Despite this they can save a business a lot of money every year by cutting down errors and reducing administration time.[15][citation needed]Mobile time tracking[edit]
With the mass market proliferation of mobile devices (smart phones, handheld devices), new types of self-calculating time tracking systems have been invented which allow a mobile workforce – such as painting companies or construction companies - to track employees ’on’ and ’off’ hours. This is generally accomplished through either a mobile application, or an IVR based phone call in system. Using a mobile device allows enterprises to better validate that their employees or suppliers are physically ’clocking in’ at a specific location using the GPS functionality of a mobile phone for extra validation.Biometrics[edit]
Biometric time clocks are a feature of more advanced time and attendance systems. Rather than using a key, code or chip to identify the user, they rely on a unique attribute of the user, such as a hand print, finger print, finger vein, palm vein, facial recognition, iris or retina. The user will have their attribute scanned into the system. Biometric readers are often used in conjunction with an access control system, granting the user access to a building, and at the same time clocking them in recording the time and date. These systems also attempt to cut down on fraud such as ’buddy clocking.’ When combined with an access control system they can help prevent other types of fraud such as ’ghost employees’, where additional identities are added to payroll but don’t exist.See also[edit]References[edit]
*^Bundy. (n.d.). Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition. Retrieved April 10, 2014, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bundy
*^Willard Legrand Bundy Biography
*^U.S. Patent 452,894
*^IBM Archives: Bundy Manufacturing Co.
*^Bundy Museum of History & Art
*^Engelbourg (1954) p.33
*^Belden, Martin; Belden, Marva (1961). The Life of Thomas J. Watson, Little, Brown; p. 92
*^IBM Archives: International Time Recording
*^IBM Archives: ITR time recorder
*^Bennett, Frank P.; Company (June 17, 1911). United States Investor. 22, Part 2. p. 1298 (26).
*^Gillette, Halbert Powers, and Richard T. Dana. Construction Cost Keeping and Management. Gillette Publishing Company, 1909, p. 110-112.
*^Engelbourg, Saul (1954). International Business Machines: A Business History (Ph.D.). Columbia University. p. 385. Reprinted by Arno Press, 1976, from the best available copy. Some text is illegible.
*^Kronos History
*^David Needle, TabTimes, Android tablet gives old punch card time clock facelift
*^’Time Is Money’(PDF). https://www.accelo.com/assets/Uploads/WhitePaperTimeIsMoney.pdf. July 2014.External link in |website= (help)External links[edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Time recorders.
*IBM Time Clocks (PDF files)
*www.timerecorder.de/ (mostly in German, but partly translated into English) is one of the most comprehensive online documentations of the history of time recorders and time clocksRetrieved from ’https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Time_clock&oldid=991721279’
This module provides various time-related functions. For relatedfunctionality, see also the datetime and calendar modules.
Although this module is always available,not all functions are available on all platforms. Adobe acrobat 6.0 standard download. Most of the functionsdefined in this module call platform C library functions with the same name. Itmay sometimes be helpful to consult the platform documentation, because thesemantics of these functions varies among platforms.
An explanation of some terminology and conventions is in order.
*
The epoch is the point where the time starts, and is platformdependent. For Unix, the epoch is January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 (UTC).To find out what the epoch is on a given platform, look attime.gmtime(0).
*
The term seconds since the epoch refers to the total numberof elapsed seconds since the epoch, typically excludingleap seconds. Leap seconds are excluded from this total on allPOSIX-compliant platforms.
*
The functions in this module may not handle dates and times before the epoch orfar in the future. The cut-off point in the future is determined by the Clibrary; for 32-bit systems, it is typically in 2038.
*
Function strptime() can parse 2-digit years when given %y formatcode. When 2-digit years are parsed, they are converted according to the POSIXand ISO C standards: values 69–99 are mapped to 1969–1999, and values 0–68are mapped to 2000–2068.
*
UTC is Coordinated Universal Time (formerly known as Greenwich Mean Time, orGMT). The acronym UTC is not a mistake but a compromise between English andFrench.
*
DST is Daylight Saving Time, an adjustment of the timezone by (usually) onehour during part of the year. DST rules are magic (determined by local law) andcan change from year to year. The C library has a table containing the localrules (often it is read from a system file for flexibility) and is the onlysource of True Wisdom in this respect.
*
The precision of the various real-time functions may be less than suggested bythe units in which their value or argument is expressed. E.g. on most Unixsystems, the clock “ticks” only 50 or 100 times a second.
*
On the other hand, the precision of time() and sleep() is betterthan their Unix equivalents: times are expressed as floating point numbers,time() returns the most accurate time available (using Unixgettimeofday() where available), and sleep() will accept a timewith a nonzero fraction (Unix select() is used to implement this, whereavailable).
*
The time value as returned by gmtime(), localtime(), andstrptime(), and accepted by asctime(), mktime() andstrftime(), is a sequence of 9 integers. The return values ofgmtime(), localtime(), and strptime() also offer attributenames for individual fields.
See struct_time for a description of these objects.
Changed in version 3.3: The struct_time type was extended to provide the tm_gmtoffand tm_zone attributes when platform supports correspondingstructtm members.
Changed in version 3.6: The struct_time attributes tm_gmtoff and tm_zoneare now available on all platforms.
*
Use the following functions to convert between time representations:
From
To
Use
seconds since the epoch
struct_time inUTC
seconds since the epoch
struct_time inlocal time
struct_time inUTC
seconds since the epoch
struct_time inlocal time
seconds since the epochFunctions¶time.asctime([t])¶
Convert a tuple or struct_time representing a time as returned bygmtime() or localtime() to a string of the followingform: ’SunJun2023:21:051993’. The day field is two characters longand is space padded if the day is a single digit,e.g.: ’WedJun904:26:401993’.
If t is not provided, the current time as returned by localtime()is used. Locale information is not used by asctime().
Note
Unlike the C function of the same name, asctime() does not add atrailing newline.time.pthread_getcpuclockid(thread_id)¶
Return the clk_id of the thread-specific CPU-time clock for the specified thread_id.
Use threading.get_ident() or the identattribute of threading.Thread objects to get a suitable valuefor thread_id.
Warning
Passing an invalid or expired thread_id may result inundefined behavior, such as segmentation fault.
Availability: Unix (see the man page for pthread_getcpuclockid(3) forfurther information).time.clock_getres(clk_id)¶
Return the resolution (precision) of the specified clock clk_id. Refer toClock ID Constants for a list of accepted values for clk_id.
Availability: Unix.
New in version 3.3.time.clock_gettime(clk_id) → float¶
Return the time of the specified clock clk_id. Refer toClock ID Constants for a list of accepted values for clk_id.
Availability: Unix.time.clock_gettime_ns(clk_id) → int¶
Similar to clock_gettime() but return time as nanoseconds.
Availability: Unix.
New in version 3.7.time.clock_settime(clk_id, time: float)¶
Set the time of the specified clock clk_id. Currently,CLOCK_REALTIME is the only accepted value for clk_id.
Availability: Unix.time.clock_settime_ns(clk_id, time: int)¶
Similar to clock_settime() but set time with nanoseconds.
Availability: Unix.
New in version 3.7.time.ctime([secs])¶
Convert a time expressed in seconds since the epoch to a string of a form:’SunJun2023:21:051993’ representing local time. The day fieldis two characters long and is space padded if the day is a single digit,e.g.: ’WedJun904:26:401993’.
If secs is not provided or None, the current time asreturned by time() is used. ctime(secs) is equivalent toasctime(localtime(secs)). Locale information is not used byctime().time.get_clock_info(name)¶
Get information on the specified clock as a namespace object.Supported clock names and the corresponding functions to read their valueare:
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’monotonic’: time.monotonic()
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’perf_counter’: time.perf_counter()
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’process_time’: time.process_time()
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’thread_time’: time.thread_time()
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’time’: time.time()
The result has the following attributes:
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adjustable: True if the clock can be changed automatically (e.g. bya NTP daemon) or manually by the system administrator, False otherwise
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implementation: The name of the underlying C function used to getthe clock value. Refer to Clock ID Constants for possible values.
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monotonic: True if the clock cannot go backward,False otherwise
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resolut
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